UPSC

Home / Ethnomethodology Ethnomethodology, introduced by Harold Garfinkel, examines how people use everyday, common-sense knowledge to interpret situations, organise interactions, and act in the social world. Rather than offering a

Home / Phenomenology in Sociology Phenomenology argues that the subject matter of social sciences fundamentally differs from that of natural sciences, and therefore, the latter’s methods cannot be mechanically applied

Home / Interpretive Sociology Interpretive sociology examines how individuals construct and attach meaning to their social realities. It stresses that reality is not externally given, but actively shaped by people

Home / Non-Positivist Methodologies in Social Research Shift from Positivism to Non-Positivism As sociologists recognized that social realities cannot be fully explained through fixed laws and mechanical patterns, they moved

Home / Fact, Value and Objectivity What is a Fact? A fact is an empirically verifiable observation—something that can be checked and confirmed through experience or evidence. Facts are considered